Risk factors increase the likelihood of developing prostate cancer; some of these factors are within your control, while others are not. When it comes to prostate cancer, positive outcomes are possible, especially with an early diagnosis. In fact, over 99% of early-stage patients are treated successfully. By understanding the risk factors associated with prostate cancer, men and their doctors can determine the right time to begin screening.
Common Prostate Cancer Risk Factors
You can control some risk factors and there are others you can’t change. You may find that you have a few risk factors on the list below however this does not guarantee you will develop prostate cancer. On the other hand, some men develop prostate cancer without any risk factors.
The following list serves as a guide for you and your doctor. The more risk factors present, the sooner tests may be run to look for signs of prostate cancer development.
Race. Prostate cancer is more likely to develop in men of African descent, and their cancers tend to be more aggressive than those found in men of other races.
Family history. Having an immediate relative diagnosed with prostate cancer increases your risk of developing the disease. This risk escalates if multiple relatives have been affected. Men without a family history of prostate cancer still have a chance of developing it, but their risk is lower.
Genetics: Certain genetic mutations, like BRCA1 and BRCA2, can be inherited and may increase the likelihood of developing prostate cancer. Genetic testing may be recommended for those with a family history of the disease.
Age. Men 50 or older are at higher risk of developing prostate cancer.
Region. Living in North America, Australia, northwestern Europe, and the Caribbean Islands is associated with a higher risk of developing prostate cancer compared to other parts of the world.
Obesity. Being overweight or obese can raise the risk of developing more aggressive types of prostate cancer.
Environmental factors. Men who work in jobs that expose them to certain chemicals may have an increased risk. Additionally, Vietnam veterans and Vietnamese immigrants exposed to Agent Orange are at a higher risk.
Diet. A high-fat diet, especially one rich in red meat and high-fat dairy products, coupled with a lack of fruits and vegetables, can elevate the risk of prostate cancer.
It is important to discuss any of these risk factors with your primary healthcare provider, who can help you make informed decisions about prostate cancer screening and when to begin. According to the American Cancer Society, the current recommendations for starting prostate cancer screening are as follows:
Average-risk men should begin screening at age 50.
High-risk men, such as African American men and those with a first-degree relative diagnosed with prostate cancer at a young age, should start screening at age 45.
Men with a family history of prostate cancer may need to begin screening as early as age 40
Ways to Lower Your Prostate Cancer Risk
No man is entirely immune to developing prostate cancer, but you can manage controllable risk factors to help reduce your risk. Consider taking the following steps for better prostate health and overall well-being:
Adjust your diet. Incorporate more nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables while reducing red meats and dairy product intake. Choose lean meats, nuts, and other sources of healthy protein.
Exercise regularly. An active lifestyle can help you maintain a healthy weight, which is beneficial for lowering your prostate cancer risk.
Don't smoke. Tobacco use can negatively affect outcomes after a prostate cancer diagnosis. If you smoke, take steps to quit or reduce your usage.
Consider certain medications. Research indicates that finasteride and dutasteride may help reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer. Since these are prescription medications, consult your primary care provider to discuss whether they should be part of your treatment plan.
If screening leads to a prostate cancer diagnosis, it’s helpful to talk with an oncologist before making the decision to have a prostatectomy.
Make an appointment at one of our cancer centers in Chicago Ridge, Mokena, Hazel Crest, Palos Heights, Orland Park, or Oak Lawn, IL to discuss non-surgical treatment options with one of our prostate cancer specialists.